A diode is a simple semiconductor device made up of two layers of 'doped' semiconductor materials i.e. n Type and p Type. A diode allows electrical current to flow in one direction but not the other. i.e. a diode is a one-way gate. In essence, a diode is a 'guard dog' in an electronic circuit preventing currently flowing in the wrong direction and potentially damaging sensitive devices.
A transistor can act as a switch or an amplifier. A transistor looks like two diodes back-to-back and is made up of three layers of 'doped' semiconductor material either in npn or pnp format.
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